Green buildings are buildings that minimize the impact they have on the environment. This includes:
- How the building uses energy,
- How the construction materials are derived, and
- How, over the life and eventual demolition of the building, it will diminish the finite resources of our planet.
Green design includes the impact that the building environment will have on its occupants, especially in terms of comfort, health and well being. In short, green buildings are healthy buildings.
The operation of the building, including the way it is maintained, also has an effect on the environment. This includes the use of solvents in cleaning; disposable materials from air conditioning filters to lamps to carpeting; and in the use of non-renewable energy resources such as fossil fuels. Green buildings are sometimes called "High Performance" buildings because they cost significantly less to operate and have substantially higher value compared to "standard" building stock.
A high performance green building is an efficient building. Savings in energy costs of 20% to 50% are common through integrated planning, site orientation, energy-saving technologies, on-site renewable energy-producing technologies, light-reflective materials, natural daylight and ventilation, and downsized HVAC and other equipment. Green building owners realize significant savings during the life of a building through other measures, such as natural landscaping, water-saving equipment, low-maintenance materials, salvaged construction debris and smart building controls. With the help of these kinds of efficiencies, green buildings can save money throughout their life cycle.
What are the benefits of green buildings?
- Economic benefits are realized in building operations, asset value, worker productivity, and the local economy.
- Occupants benefit from health and safety features. This also relates to risk management and economics. The average American spends more than 90% of his or her time indoors, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The U.S. EPA concurs, and adds that indoor air quality can be two to five times worse than outdoor air quality.
- Community and municipal benefits include: lessened demand for large-scale infrastructure such as landfills, water supply, stormwater sewers, and their related development and operational costs; and decreased transportation development and maintenance burden (roads) and increased economic performance of mass transit systems.
- The local and global environment benefits from protecting air quality, water quality, and overall biodiversity and ecosystem health.
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